Mozart's Operas: "Così fan Tutte"

"Così fan Tutte" is a two-act opera by Mozart. Written and composed at the request of Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II, "Così fan Tutte" was first performed at the Burgtheater in Vienna, Italy, on Jan. 26, 1790. Though considered a bit risqué for its time, "Così fan Tutte" is now one of the most-performed operas in North America.
 
Literally translated, "Così fan Tutte" means "thus do all." However, the title is often translated as "women are like that." In the opera, Mozart and Da Ponte, who wrote the libretto, take fiancée swapping, which dates to the 13th century, as the theme.

"Così fan Tutte" Cast and Characters

The cast and characters at the original production of "Così fan Tutte" were as follows:
  • Fiordiligi: Adriana Ferrarese
  • Dorabella: Louise Villeneueve
  • Guglielmo: Francesco Benucci
  • Ferrando: Vincenzo Calvesi
  • Despina: Dorotea Bussani
  • Don Alfonso: Francesco Bussani.

Plot Summary: Act One

The opera takes place in 18th-century Naples, Italy.

In a coffee shop, we see Ferrando and Guglielmo, who are claiming that their fiancées will be faithful eternally. Don Alfonso bets the two men that he can prove in one day that the men's fiancées are fickle. The men accept his bet and plan to return in disguise to try to seduce each other's fiancée.

In the next scene we see the women, Dorabella and Fiordiligi, who are sisters, praising their fiancés. Don Alfonso comes in and says that the men, who are officers, have been called to war.

In the next scene, the women and Despina, their maid, are in the sisters' home. The women, who are complaining of being alone, depart before Don Alfonso enters. Don Alfonso fears Despina will recognize Ferrando and Guglielmo in their disguises and, thus, bribes her so that he can win the bet.

Ferrando and Guglielmo arrive disguised as Albanians. When the sisters come home, they are surprised that the men are in the house. Though the men try to win the affection of the sisters, they have no success.

We next see the sisters in a garden, still bemoaning the absence of their fiancés. Despina decides to take control of the bet and directs the disguised men to threaten to poison themselves if they cannot be with the sisters. After drinking the so-called poison and passing out, a doctor, who is really Despina in disguise, arrives and revives the men. Upon revival, the men demand a kiss from the sisters, though the women refuse.

Plot Synopsis: Act Two

Act two opens in the bedroom of the sisters as Despina urges the women to accept the advances of the Albanians. After Despina departs, the sisters admit that they are tempted by the Albanians and agree that flirting with them while their fiancés are off at war is harmless.

In the next scene, we are back in the garden. The sisters have paired off with the Albanians. Ferrando leaves with Fiordiligi, leaving Guglielmo alone with Dorabella. Soon, Dorabella gives Guglielmo a medallion in exchange for a locket.

Ferrando doesn't have such success with Fiordiligi.

The next scene brings us back to the sisters' bedroom, where Dorabella relates her actions to Fiordiligi. Fiordiligi is so upset by the story her sister tells her that she has decided to go find her fiancé. Before she is able to leave, though, Ferrando arrives and continues to try to woo her. Eventually, Fiordiligi gives in to his advances.

Both men are distraught that their fiancées were unfaithful. Don Alfonso, however, urges the men to forgive the women.

In the final scene, we are present at the double wedding of the sisters and their Albanian grooms. Despina, who has disguised herself as a notary, presents the marriage certificate, which everyone signs.

In the distance, we hear military music. Don Alfonso tells the sisters that their fiancés are arriving home from the war. The grooms rush to hide, though in actuality they are running to take off their disguises.

The men return without their disguises, professing their love to their respective fiancées. Don Alfonso presents the men with the marriage contract. After reading it, the officers become enraged and storm off the stage. When they return, they are dressed half as officers and half as Albanians. The sisters realize they have been fooled.

Eventually, all is forgiven.

Resources

Opera News (n.d.). Stories of the Operas: Cosi fan Tutte. Retrieved January 15, 2008, from The Metropolitan Opera Web site: http://www.metoperafamily.org/metopera/history/
stories/synopsis.aspx?id=119.